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Paradox of voting

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The paradox of voting is that for a rational, self-interested voter, the costs of voting will normally *exceed #excel #overtake #supersede the expected benefits. Because the chance of exercising the pivotal vote is minuscule compared to any #authentic #practical *realistic #sensible estimate of the private individual benefits of the different possible #conclusions #events *outcomes #reactions , the expected benefits of voting are less than the costs. | #Answers #Arguments #Replies *Responses to the paradox have included the view that voters vote to express their #choice #option *preference #selection for a candidate rather than affect the outcome of the election, that voters exercise some degree of altruism, or that the paradox #avoids *ignores #neglects #rejects the collateral benefits associated with voting besides the resulting electoral outcome. | Brennan and Lomasky #advocate #emphasize #recognize *suggest that voters derive ‘expressive’ benefits from supporting particular candidates – analogous to cheering on a sports team – rather than voting in hopes of *achieving #concluding #enacting #resolving the political outcomes they prefer. | Another suggestion, known as the altruism #philosophy #system *theory #thesis of voting, is that voters are rational but not fully egoistic. In this view voters have some degree of altruism, and perceive a benefit if others are benefited. Since an election *affects #amends #effects #influences many others, it could still be rational to cast a vote with only a small chance of affecting the outcome.

Source: ‘Paradox of voting’(2021) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_voting (Accessed: 28 April 2022).