Harvard: journal articles
One author
In-text citations
Article author’s surname with year. Optional: page number.
Reference list
Article author (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume number(Issue number), pp. Page numbers of article. Available at: URL (Accessed: Access date) or DOI link.
Fong, G. S. (2008) ‘Private emotion, public commemoration: Qian Shoupu’s poems of mourning’, Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, 30, pp. 19-30. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25478421 (Accessed: 27 July 2022).
Robertson, M. (1992) ‘Voicing the feminine: constructions of the gendered subject in lyric poetry by women of medieval and late Imperial China’, Late Imperial China, 13(1), pp. 63-110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/late.1992.0006.
Shields, A. M. (2002) ‘Defining experience : the “poems of seductive allure” (yanshi) of the mid-Tang poet Yuan Zhen (779-831)’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 122(1), pp. 61–78. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3087653.
Two authors
In-text citations
Authors’ surnames with year. Optional: page number.
Reference list
Article author and Article author (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume number(Issue number), pp. Page numbers of article. Available at: URL (Accessed: Access date) or DOI link.
Alcock, L. and Alcock, E. A. (1992) ‘Reconnaissance excavations on Early Historic fortifications and other royal sites in Scotland, 1974-84; 5: A, Excavations & other fieldwork at Forteviot, Perthshire, 1981; B, Excavations at Urquhart Castle, Inverness-shire, 1983; C, Excavations at Dunnottar, Kincardineshire, 1984’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 122, pp. 215-287. Available at: http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/view/9440 (Accessed: 27 July 2022).
Noble, G. and Brophy, K. (2011a) ‘Big enclosures: the later neolithic palisaded enclosures of Scotland in their northwestern European context’, European Journal of Archaeology, 14(1-2), pp. 60–87. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/146195711798369346.
Noble, G. and Brophy, K. (2011b) ‘Ritual and remembrance at a prehistoric ceremonial complex in central Scotland: excavations at Forteviot, Perth and Kinross’, Antiquity, 85(329), pp. 787-804. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00068319.
Three authors
In-text citations
Authors’ surnames with year. Optional: page number.
Reference list
Article author, Article author and Article author (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume number(Issue number), pp. Page numbers of article. Available at: URL (Accessed: Access date) or DOI link.
Sirkin, H. L., Keenan, P. and Jackson, A. (2005) ‘The hard side of change management’, Harvard Business Review, 83(10), pp. 108-118. Available at: https://hbr.org/2005/10/the-hard-side-of-change-management (Accessed: 27 July 2022).
Vrtana, D., Rosnerova, Z. and Krizanova, A. (2021) ‘Behavioral model of business change management in relation to building competitiveness in market economy conditions’, Business: Theory and Practice, 22(2), pp. 493–503. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2021.15247.
Four or more authors
Use only the first author’s name + et al. (= and others).
In-text citations
First author’s surname followed by et al. with year. Optional: page number.
Reference list
First author et al. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume number(Issue number), pp. Page numbers of article. Available at: URL (Accessed: Access date) or DOI link.
Jinek, M. et al. (2012) ‘A programmable dual-RNA–guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity’, Science, 337(6096), pp. 816-821. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225829.
Wiedenheft, B. et al. (2011) ‘Structures of the RNA-guided surveillance complex from a bacterial immune system’, Nature, 477, pp. 486–489. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10402.
No page numbers
If there is an article number instead of page numbers, use the article number.
Article authors (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume number(Issue number), article: Article number. Available at: URL (Accessed: Access date) or DOI link.
Hossain, M. M. and Staples, A. E. (2020) ‘Effects of coral colony morphology on turbulent flow dynamics’, PLoS ONE, 15(10), article: e0225676. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225676.
Wada, M. et al. (2019) ‘University students’ perspectives on mental illness stigma’, Mental Health & Prevention, 14, article: 200159. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mph.2019.200159.
Printed articles
If the article is in a printed journal, then a URL or DOI is not needed.
Article authors (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume number(Issue number), pp. Page numbers of article.
Joyeux, D. (2022) ‘Breathing new life into wind turbine blades’, Ingenia, 91, pp. 12-16.